Baroque Opera Development and Cultural Values Essay Example for Free

Baroque Opera Development and Cultural Values Essay â€Å"Derived from the Portuguese barroco, or â€Å"oddly shaped pearl,† the term â€Å"baroque† has been widely used since the nineteenth century to describe the period in Western European art music from about 1600 to 1750† http://www. baroque. org. Following the Renaissance, the baroque period was known for its expressivity of boldness, extravagance, overall balance, and use of heavy use of ornamentation. These features can be seen in everything from the clothing styles, to the architecture, and in particular the arts. The baroque period is generally divided into 2 timeframes, the early baroque period (1600-1680) and the late baroque period (1680-1750). In terms of music, the early baroque period notes a new interest in the use of monody. Monody is the use of one voice or instrument, typically accompanied by basso continuo. The Renaissance period is known for its use of polyphony. In the late baroque period, concerto grosso became the more popular style written. Concerto grosso shows two groups of instruments or voices in contrast to each other singing or playing lines back and forth, thus introducing the first melody and harmony performances. The key instrumental form of the late Baroque period was the concerto grosso, which reflected the contrast between two groups of instruments. The two groups either alternated with one another or play together. A majority of the baroque music composed was for the church, royalty, and the social elite. This may have clouded the composer’s true vision for their music, as their works were dictated by the payer’s taste. â€Å"The greatest legacy by the late Baroque period was the creation of operas and oratorios, considered greatest and most magnificent is Handels Messiah, and J. S. Bachs St Matthew Passion† http://www. usicedmagic. com. An opera is a story that is performed by singing. The plot is expressed by speech-like songs called recitatives and arias which are more indicative of the mood or feeling at that particular moment in the performance. â€Å"The first surviving opera was Jacopo Peri’s Dafne, based on a libretto by Ottavio Rinuccini and performe d in Florence in 1598; the earliest opera still performed today is Claudio Monteverdi’s Orfeo (1607). The subjects of the first operas are all taken from Greek myth, reflecting the genre’s close alliances with attempts to recreate the music and drama of ancient cultures, nd were performed solely in aristocratic circles for invited guests† http://www. baroque. org. In the 1630s the first opera houses were opened in Venice, Italy. The audience dictated what the performers would sing and how it was performed. The crowds typically liked the arias, so that is what was primarily performed during that time. This led to a decline in dances and choruses in Italian opera. By the early 1700s, two styles became prevalent, operas with a serious tone (da capo aria) and operas with a comedic tone (opera buffa). As the baroque period and its operas progressed, the styles became more dramatic. This led to the changes and popularity of the oratorios and the cantatas. Oratorios began as small religious-based operas and ended up being huge productions mixed with non-religious texts. The cantatas began as very small secular operas performed as duets, trios, and quartets. They were performed by amateurs and professionals. As time went on, they became incorporating orchestral accompaniments and primarily performed by professionals. â€Å"Essays in classical oratory by Quintillian and Cicero provided a model for Baroque actors, as did posture and gestures taken from both classical and contemporary paintings and sculpture. Rhetorical gesture was designed to accompany individual words of text, rather than to display the pervading emotions† http://www. operaatelier. com. Baroque operas were difficult to perform due to the density of the text to be performed. To effectively convey the emotion to the audience the performers had to vividly perform to evoke emotion from the audience while maintaining the structure of the baroque style. This proves a challenge even for today’s performers. The singing style was heavily ornamented and exaggerated by the use of vibratos, dynamic changes of volume, and many other techniques. Not only was the introduction of the opera a demarcation of the baroque, but the instrumental solos and orchestral pieces as well. Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel were great composers of instrumental masterpieces. Handle’s music for the royal fireworks is a great example of the baroque style orchestra. The instruments are played with staccato (short â€Å"poppy† style with a hint of separation between notes), lots of variation of volume, trills, etc. These all are methods used by the musicians to ornament the song. There were also layers of different instruments at varying times, and a contraposto style expressed between the different sections of the orchestra. It’s almost as the different sections are talking back and forth to one another. Another great example of a baroque masterpiece is Bach’s Toccata Fugue in D minor. This was written for the pipe organ by Bach, but there is no surviving copy in Bach’s own handwriting. Several masters have rewritten the work and that is how it survives today. The piece begins with a few short notes followed by a single long note. The sounds are soon followed by the accompaniment of long deep bass tones. Throughout the song there are arguments and accompaniments between the harmony and melody of the deep rumbling bass and the high shrills produced by the pipe organ. At times the song is soft and beautiful, other times the song is strong and loud, displaying aggressive dissonance. This truly is a magnificent piece displaying all of the classic signs of the late baroque evoking emotion from all listeners. The song is still very popular and used in many ads and movies today. As listeners’ tastes grew and changed, so did the style of music. Audiences began to prefer a new melodic expression of clean musical architecture which is quite different from the heavily ornamented and opulent baroque style. This new preference ushered in the new classical style and the age of Hyden and Mozart. â€Å"Although the baroque period ended over 250 years ago, vestiges of the era can be heard everywhere. Some of the most influential and beloved compositions are regularly performed in concert halls, and a wealth of recordings make the baroque available on demand. Many of the musical genres still in use today, like the oratorio, concerto and opera, originated in the period. Twentieth century composers such as Ralph Vaughn Williams, Igor Stravinsky and Benjamin Britten paid homage to the baroque in their works. Its influence can even be heard outside the realm of art music: the free movement between solo and group in jazz is sometimes compared to baroque music, and snippets of Bach and Vivaldi frequently appear in the solos of heavy metal guitarists. And the spirit of the baroque—an unwavering belief in the power of music to touch people’s lives—changed music history forever† http://www. baroque. org.

Graduation Speech: Become People With Passion -- Graduation Speech, Co

Christmas Eve in Princeton, N.J, usually fulfills the picture-postcard promise of Christmas. And it was so, on that one particular Christmas Eve long ago. A light snowfall kissed the quaint Princeton houses, and door-to-door carol singers made their way to one particular door. The violinist's home. "O little town of Bethlehem," the boys sang, "how still we see thee lie..." In moments the door opened, and the gentle violinist stood in the doorway to greet the carolers. "Above thy deep and dreamless sleep, the silent stars go by..." The musician turned away, turned back into the house. Shortly he returned with his violin! The great man, the gentle old musician, accompanied the midnight carolers on his beloved instrument through each verse of the age-old hymn. Then, without a word, the young people turned away silently, and the old man slowly closed the door. And if this true story, if it is made more wonderful, it is not because a seasoned violin was brought out of retirement for one l ast spontaneous recital, but because the violinist himself has the best reason of all not to celebrate that snowy Christmas scene. The great genius was a Jew, and so revered was he that the very presidency of Israel once could have been his. But here is the rest of the story. Musicians will tell you, every great genius has his idol. This violinist's idol was Mozart. Once, a friend asked the violinist to comment on modern times. When the musician was a boy, wars were fought with rifles and cannons. Now the entire world might be devastated. What did that mean to the old man? The violinist hesitated, sat back thoughtfully in his chair. "It would mean," he said at last, "that people would no longer hear Mozart." For him, this most deeply conveyed the end o... ...lace for an answer. But, fellow graduates, you are here now, and I want to tell you that you do not have to live with the hopeless view that comes from this story. The one thing that Einstein was lacking was a relationship with the God I serve, who is Jesus Christ my Savior. If this genius would have allowed Him to answer his deepest question, he would have experienced a hope that would know no ends. Graduates, classmates, friends, the same hope that Einstein lacked is open for you to have. It is a choice you must make, to receive it or not, but I would be a selfish, inconsiderate person if I didn't share with you the hope that I have at the last opportunity that I will ever have to speak to each and every one of you. Class of 2012, I pray that you will become people with passion - passion for pursuing your dreams, and passion for the One who can give you hope.

A Report on Customer Care Improvement By Robert L Fousler

Following the article in the Standard Newspaper dated 8/07/1998 on â€Å"Customer Care Improvement by Robert L Fousler (MD) Consultant s for Effective Training, I am in total agreement with him concerning the points that he has put forth concerning Customer Care within business organizations. Customer Care is an important point in management and should be carried out by any manager within any business organization irrespective of what departments he is directly of indirectly in charge of. It is important to note that a business or organization cannot effectively attract customersclients if it cannot deal with its internal clients. In any business/organization, internal clients are the employees within the organization. Mr. Fousler mentions that in Kenya, many industries in the market and developing from a â€Å"Sellers† market into a â€Å"Buyers† market. This means that the only difference between one Seller and another will be in the quality of the service rendered to them. In addition to this, the expectations and demands of clients have been increasing and have been rapidly dynamic over the past five years and in order for you to please, and indeed, maintain a client then the services rendered to them should be adequate and ready to fulfill their needs. Most service industries, if not all, are all client/customer oriented and they depend on the client to pay for their services that are intangible. With this in mind, it is in their best interest to ensure that the services they offer are useful to the client and that the Customer Support is highly advanced and effectively operational. In reference to this, it is important for organizations, particularly those in the service industry, to realize that their future success is dependant on managers viewing their staff as the most important assets they have and that everything depends on how they work as a team. He goes on to mention that Customer Care skills should not only be offered to staff in service-oriented organizations but to all organizations in general. If people can serve one another and each department serving the other, then the Customer Service skills will be extended to the â€Å"External† customer. He also highlights the importance of Customer Care in any organization and says that it is not wise to train only certain sections in the organization since everything everyone does in the organization has an impact on the client in one way or the other. Therefore, everyone must be included in Customer Care oriented seminars because they create awareness in staff of the importance of gaining such skills. After the training has been undertaken, then the most important task is to implement it. This includes maintaining a high level of outgoing commitment and insists that this can only be done by each department having â€Å"Ownership† of the process, so that Customer Care is supported by committed individuals and teams rather than just by management. He says that one way of promoting the training is to have an incentive to bolster the training that has been carried out. An example would be to give gifts or rewards to those who improve the most in the service they give to both internal and external customers. Under Evaluation, he says that it is not easy to quantify but one good approach would be to do a â€Å"Before† and â€Å"After† survey of the complaints received from External customers.

Analysis Of Construction Of The The Bluest Eye And...

In this literary criticism , â€Å"Construction of the ‘Racial Identity’ by Gaze and Blindness in The Bluest Eye and Native Son†, Md. Abdul Karim Ruman explains how the identity of African Americans are constructed in The Bluest Eye, as well as the racial effect of this construction. Ruman begins by defining some key terms, such as â€Å"gaze† and â€Å"panopticon†. He looks at ‘gaze’ in the cultural sense, not only defining it as â€Å"the desire of one person that constructs the identity of another who is gazed†, he explains through which means the gaze is implied and employed, in films, posters, school, literature, media, newsreels, newspaper reports, consumer goods, advertising, and pop culture. After defining the term ‘gaze’, Ruman explains the concept of the panopticon, created by Michel Foucault. The panopticon is a type of model for a prison, in which the prison guard or overseer is in the center of an array of open yards and prison cells. From any angle, the guard can see, ‘gaze’, or ‘look at’ any of the prisoners. Whether or not the guard is actually judging each move of the prisoners matters less than the fact that they are completely and constantly under watch, with every move th e possibility of scrutiny. This idea of a panopticon creates a â€Å"persistent self-monitoring and self-regulation†, causing the prisoners to internalize the disciplinary regime that they are under. The idea behind the gaze and panopticon is that through the both of them, they create an overwhelminglyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Essay5776 Words   |  24 Pagesmotherhood, showing the eurocentric view of African motherhood and contrast this with Another historical issue I will investigate is the governmentally coerced sterilization of women of colour in North America. I will particularly focus on Native American women, women of African descent and Puerto Rican women. I will look at the historical influence of governmentally funded sterilization from the beginning of the eugenics movement, a movement, which originated through scientific racism, inRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia

What Is an Organelle

Agile and Lean Supply Chain Management - 1719 Words

Leanness means developing a value stream to eliminate all waste, including time, and to ensure a level schedule. Agility means using market knowledge and a virtual corporation to exploit profitable opportunities in a volatile marketplace. Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to best suit the need for responding to a volatile demand downstream yet providing level scheduling upstream from the marketplace. The decoupling point separates the part of the organisation (supply chain) oriented towards customer orders from the part of the organisation (supply chain) based on planning. In this report, I attempt to prepare the literature review of†¦show more content†¦However, to deal with intensification of competition and dynamic demands, the company was proactive in forming business alliance to pull product into the marketplace quickly. In this way, the company was exhibiting an agil e approach. Company 4, premium brand manufacturer/retailer, also concentrated on building relationships, again to achieve leagility in the supply chain. This was mandatory as the company was dealing with a high quality fashion product with small batch quantities. In summary, they concluded companies in textiles and clothing needed to be able to respond quickly to changing markets and be able to provide quick replenishment. However, they were not able to store large quantities as products had a very short life cycle and fashion markets were seasonal. Therefore, the textiles and clothing industry did not neatly fit into either a lean or agile supply chain paradigm, but instead it was a combination of the two paradigms, leagile. Agarwal et al. (2006) presented a framework for modelling and assessing the performance of lean, agile and leagile supply chain on the basis interdependent variables. Considering the performance of supply chain which implies how much the supply chain is respons ive to the needs of the markets, they implemented and utilized the framework for modelling performance of lean, agile and leagile supply chain. By using the framework, they could analyse theShow MoreRelatedLeagility Defined for the Supply Chain1004 Words   |  5 PagesLeagility Defined for the Supply Chain Two words, lean and agile, combine to make the word leagility. Supply chain managers need lean supply lines to eliminate waste and keep costs low. They also require agile supply chains to get the right amount of the product to the right place in order to satisfy the ever-changing nature of the marketplace. Traditional management recommended a lean supply chain for products with a stable demand, yet low profit margin. 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Intrafamilial Abuse Sibling Incest in Australia Essay Example For Students

Intrafamilial Abuse: Sibling Incest in Australia Essay Denisha Sydney Professor MartinMonroe College AbstractThe paper portrays the changes in family dynamics that happen all through the procedure of family-orientated treatment of families where sibling incest has happened. A step-by-step analysis of the developing family process in incest families amid treatment is given. The investigation initiates the nature of the primary pattern of family connections, investigates the effect made by emergency intercession on the family structure and after that frameworks treatment and end of treatment. Characteristics mechanisms in the family procedure amid treatment are portrayed. A point by point clinical case shows the essential remedial moves and the instruments included. Introduction to AustraliaThe Commonwealth of Australia or Australia, as we all know it, is a continental country located in the Southern hemisphere between the Pacific and the Indian oceans. CITATION Twi16 l 1033 (Twidale, 2016) mentions that it is the biggest country and the smallest continent. Australia played a major role in the Britishs decision to lessen the overcrowding of convicts in their prisons, which at the time were old ships. These old ships were called Hulks and were very unsanitary and deplorable. Instead of sentencing a convict to death, he or she was transported to Australia as a form of punishment CITATION Cri l 1033 (A The National Archives, n.d.). 1788 marked the start of penal colonies in Australia where convicts, their children, marines and their families settled down. Free settlers soon followed and benefited from the rural labor of the convicts. The convicts worked in a system whereby they were sent to work in the field they were skilled in. A part from these British colonies were there were Australian Aboriginals who lost their land to the British colonies. Fast track to the twentieth century are the events of the Forgotten Children, the Innocent Children, and forced adoption, which play a significant role in the history of sibling incest in Australia. The Forgotten Children are an estimated 500,000 children who were placed in out-of-home care or institutions where they faced emotional, physical, and or sexual abuse whilst in care CITATION All09 l 1033 (Alliance for Forgotten Australians, 2009). The Innocent Children are child migrants who also experienced institutions and out-of-home care under the same conditions as the forgotten children. Parents were forced to give up their child for adoption through the forced adoption practices. In Australia the family structure focusing on families with children is as follows. According to data contained in the census taken in 2011, 36.7% represent couples with children who depend on them and 10. 6% represent single-parent families with children who depend on them CITATION Aus16 l 1033 (Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2016). From 1976 to 2011 there was a 4.2% increase in single-parent families with dependent children, but an 11.7% decrease in couple families with dependent children. Also, intact families with children from 0-17 years from 2012-2013 was 73.5%, whereas single parent families with children in that same age range was the second highest at 19.3%. Step and blended families accounted for less than 6.5% of all families CITATION Aus16 l 1033 (Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2016). There was no indication as to whether Aboriginal families were included in the data provided. Intrafamilial abuse are triggered by stressors faced by the parent or parents and family. Based on a research done by CITATION Ole10 l 1033 (Olesen, Macdonald, Raphael, Butterworth, 2010), some of the adversities parents in Australia suffer, which affects child development are: 1. Psychological distress (mental health problems) if it hinders children from accessing social networks and services and parent-child relationships CITATION Dep07 l 1033 (Department of Human Services , 2007) CITATION Lan99 l 1033 (Lancaster, 1999). About 21.7-23.5% of the children lived with a parent with mental illness CITATION May05 l 1033 (Maybery, Reupert, Patrick, Goodyear, Crase, 2005). 2. Financial hardship or material disadvantage, which is linked to childrens physical and mental health as well as academic success CITATION Bra02 l 1033 (Bradley Corwyn, 2002) CITATION Bro97 l 1033 (Brooks-Gunn Duncan, 1997) CITATION Cos97 l 1033 (Costello,, Farmer, Anglod, Burns, Erkanli, 1997) CITATION Dun98 l 1033 (Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn, Smith, 1998) CITATION McL96 l 1033 (McLeod Shanahan, 1996). In 2001, 2002, and 2003 CITATION Scu05 l 1033 (Scutella Smyth, 2005) estimated that 16.7, 18.8 and 14.5% respectively were Australian children 0-17 years who lived in homes with income be low the poverty line. 3. Parental separation CITATION Rod96 l 1033 (Rodgers, 1996)- CITATION Ole10 l 1033 (Olesen, Macdonald, Raphael, Butterworth, 2010) states that 15.3% of children lived with a single parent who was separated or divorced in 2005. This figure excludes those who were remarried. CITATION Sle93 l 1033 (Slee, 1993) recognized death along with parental separation. 4. Unemployment CITATION Chr94 l 1033 (Christoffersen, 1994) from which the child suffers depression, low self-esteem and substance abuse CITATION Ole10 l 1033 (Olesen, Macdonald, Raphael, Butterworth, 2010). 5. Childhood adversities ranging from parental separation to sexual abuse CITATION Kes97 l 1033 (Kessler, Davis, Kendler, 1997). 6. Death of a family member and financial hardship in the Aboriginal community CITATION Zub05 l 1033 (Zubrick, et al., 2005)This paper discusses the issue of Intrafamilial abuse focusing on sibling incest in Australia. Intrafamilial abuse is incest abuse within the family CI TATION Cro05 p 139 l 1033 (Crosson-Tower, 2014, 2010, 2008, 2005, p. 139). Thus, sibling incest is sexual abuse between siblings. There are two types of sibling incest mainly heterosexual abuse or brother-sister incest, which is most prevalent and homosexual abuse or brother-bother/sister-sister, which is second most prevalent. Unfortunately, there is little research material on homosexual incest, so heterosexual incest will be the point of focus for this paper. CITATION Caf05 l 1033 (Caffaro Conn-Caffaro, 2005) CITATION Wel08 l 1033 (Welfare, 2008) observed that sibling incest is an underreported and hidden for of sexual abuse. Although it is not reported as much, it is said to be five times more common than parental incest CITATION Smi87 p 256 l 1033 (Smith Israel, 1987, p. 256). Reasons why this form of abuse is under reported are the way sibling incest is perceived by the family, disclosure support is lacking, the way society sees sibling incest, and how abusive the abuse was. The following document examines aspects of heterosexual sibling incest such as the history, heterosexual sibling incest statement, understanding the problem, understanding the solution, the health and mental response of heterosexual sibling incest in Australia, and working in child protection ending with a conclusion. History of Sibling IncestResearch data is limited on heterosexual sibling incest because of lack of disclosure and reporting CITATION Caf05 l 1033 (Caffaro Conn-Caffaro, 2005) CITATION Car06 l 1033 (Carlson, Maciol, Scheider, Sibling incest: Reports from forty-one survivors, 2006), therefore it is hard to determine its prevalence. According to CITATION Viz13 l 1033 (Vizard, 2013) sibling incest or any form of sexual behaviors involving siblings were not always seen as sexual abuse in our societies CITATION Col14 l 1033 (Collin-Vezina, et al., 2014). In fact, some parents do not show concern when they are made aware of such abuse because they see it as innocent sex play CITATION Har01 l 1033 (Hardy, 2001). This is one of the main reasons victims rarely disclose this form of abuse. Instead of sympathy they are faced with disbelief and disregard. There are many contributing factors for sibling abuse, but the one that stands out most is an unstable family system. The family dynamics th at foster such sexual abuse are: physically absent but powerful father, emotionally distant single mother, isolated family, there are rigid boundaries the family and outsiders, but blurred boundaries among family members, inflexible and conventional gender role expectation, marital and family strife overdependence CITATION Har01 l 1033 (Hardy, 2001), parental display of excessive or repressed sexual behavior, harboring family secrets (for example, extramarital affair) CITATION Can92 l 1033 (Canavan, Meyer, Higgs, 1992) CITATION Smi87 l 1033 (Smith Israel, 1987), parental alcoholism and parental child abuse CITATION Bes82 l 1033 (Bess Janssen, 1982) CITATION Joh88 l 1033 (Johnson, 1988) CITATION Wor95 l 1033 (Worlng, 1995). Some of the family dynamics are as a result of the treatment and care some parents received as children during the Forgotten Children, Innocent Children, and forced adoption. They react in ways like being emotionally distant, displaying excessive or repressed s exual behavior, consuming alcohol, etc. because they use them as coping mechanisms. For the offender, the precipitating factors for sexually abusing his or her sibling include being physically (and sexually) abused CITATION Asc90 l 1033 (Ascherman Safier, 1990). There is some research out there that proves although not with everyone, but victims turn to victimizers. The offenders perception of his or her status in the family: privileged position with parent(s), no learned limits from neglectful parents, losing status in family due to remarriage CITATION Dig98 l 1033 (Digiorgio-Miller, 1998). Its like a form of rebellion where the offenders take out his or her frustration on the victim. Also, the physical and emotional absences on the part of the parental figures (intensified mutual dependency and sexual acting out between siblings)CITATION Smi87 l 1033 (Smith Israel, 1987), as well as being an older sibling usually a male who is placed in a position where he or she provides care f or younger siblings CITATION Abr94 l 1033 (Abraham Hoey, 1994)CITATION Can92 l 1033 (Canavan, Meyer, Higgs, 1992) CITATION Dai89 l 1033 (Daie, Witzum, Eleff, 1989) CITATION Wor95 l 1033 (Worlng, 1995). Case Study OutlineThis research paper concentrated on a contextual investigation of Australian families encountering sibling incest. Members included siblings from 6 to 13 years that were individuals from families managing the issue of sibling incest. The motivation behind this study was to manufacture comprehension of how families encounter sibling incest and its part in their families. Clinical information from treatment sessions was investigated to uncover that families understands the inbreeding in various ways including misuse as ordinary and manhandle as a misstep. Focal ideas that clarified how the families reacted to the kin interbreeding included (1) level of family attachment, (2) part of mystery, and (3) perspective of outside frameworks. The discoveries propose that treatment needs to incorporate an inside and out appraisal with respect to these issues. Brave New World opens in a technically advanced fu EssayAlliance for Forgotten Australians. (2009). The Alliance for Forgotten Australians. Retrieved from Alliance for Forgotten Australians: http://www.forgottenaustralians.org.au/Ascherman, L. I., Safier, E. J. (1990). Sibling incest: A consequence of the individual and family dysfunction. Bulletin of the Menniger Clinic, 311-322. Australian Institute of Family Studies. (2016). Types of families in australia. Retrieved from Australian Institute of Family Studies: https://aifs.gov.au/facts-and-figures/types-families-australiaBess, B. E., Janssen, Y. (1982). Incest: A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39-52. Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 371-399. Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G. J. (1997). The effect of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 55-71. Caffaro, J. V., Conn-Caffaro, A. (2005). Treating sibling abuse families. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 604-623. Canavan, M. M., Meyer, W. J., Higgs, D. C. (1992). The female experience of sibling incest. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 129-142. Carlson, B. E. (2011). Sibling incest: Adjustment in adult women survivors. Families in Society: Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 77-83. Carlson, B. E., Maciol, K., Scheider, J. (2006). Sibling incest: Reports from forty-one survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. CFCA Resource Sheet. (2016). 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